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3 sheets' sheet 1.

(No Model.)

RMACARTHY. KILN FOB BAKING AND BURNING BRIGKS.

Patented Apr. 10, 1894.

Q1 J'zM n [ya N0 Model.) 3 sheets sheet 2.

F. MAO-ARTHY. KILN FOR. BAKING AND BURNING BRICK-S No. 518,153. Pate nted Apr. 10, 1894.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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IKMAGARTHY. KILN FOR BAKING AND BURNING BRICKS.

N0.'518,153. Patented A ri 10; 1894.

UNIT STATES AIENT FFICE.

FRED MAOARTHY, OF SAYREVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THE SAYRE & FISHER COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

KILN FOR BAKING OR BURNING BRICKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,153, dated April 10, 1894.

Application filed June 15, 1892. Serial No. 436,774. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.- Be it known that I, FRED MAOARTHY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Sayreville,in the countyof Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Baking or Burning Bricks, 850.; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of theinvention, such as will to enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

v The present invention relates to a kiln adapted for burning or baking bricks, tiles, terra-cotta, or any analogous goods to the neoessary degree of hardness, and the object of the invention among other things, is to reduce 'toa minimum the large quantity of fuel required to properly burn the wares.

My improvements relate more especially to that class of kilns known in the art as muffle-fired kilns in which the products of combustion do not come at any point in direct contact with the wares placed in the chambers of the structure, but the heat required to burn or bake the wares is generated in a separate furnace and passed through flues situated in the burning chamber and is radiated from said fiues into said chamber.

In the preferred embodiment of myinven- 0 tion, I provide a series of-kiln-chambers which are each provided with fourfurnaces and two sets of independent flues that extend along the vertical sides, the crown or arch, and the bottom of said kiln chamber, and in which fiues the drafts pass or flow in reverse directions so that the cooler products of combustion in one series of lines are adjacent to the hottest products of combustion in the other series of fines and thus the heat in the kiln chamber is rendered more nearly uniform and equalized than has heretofore been possible.

The invention further contemplates the combination with the series of kiln chambers and fiues arranged therein as described, of a main longitudinal flue common to a series of kilns and discharging to a stack, a series of transverse connecting fiues leading between the kiln-chambers, below the same, and discharging to said main longitudinal flue, and

50 two series of connectingflues betweeneach pair of kiln chambers and one series arranged to receive from one series of fiues and conduct the heat, &c., from the fiues of one kiln across and in direct contact with the bottom of the next adjacent kiln and the other series of connecting lines connected to the updraft flues so as to pass with the heat from v the furnace around through said fiues over the crown of the kiln chamber, thence down the opposite side of the kiln chamber, and 50 finally out under the bottom of said chamber, and thence in like manner through the connecting fines to the next kiln chamber. The passage of the heat from one kiln chamber to the other through the connecting fiues is controlled by means of dampers operating in separate damper-tunnels and adapted to cut off .or establish communication between the connecting fiues and the transverse fiues leading to the main longitudinal flue, so that when the products of combustion have become. cooled and lost their utility by passage through a series of kiln chambers, such waste products can be turned into the transverse fiues, thence to the main flue, and finally to the stack.

The invention further contemplates the provision of novel means whereby the steam arising from the green wares when the fires are first started can be allowed to have direct exit from the chamber, and which also provides for the admission of cold air in cooling off the kiln; also in a novel form of furnace without direct union with the kiln chamber so thatin event of deterioration of the furnaceit can be readily torn out and rebuilt without disturbing the kiln chamber; and finallyin the novel construction, combination, and arrangement ofparts which willbe hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. 0

In the accompanying dra'wingsI have fully illustrated my invention, referring to which- Figure 1, is a vertical sectional view through two of a series of kiln chambers showing the arrangement, in each chamber, of one series 5 of fiues, the connecting fiues therefor, and the furnaces appropriate for the two kiln chambers. Fig. 2, is a horizontals'cctional view on the plane of the connecting fiues between the fines of the kiln chambers, the plane of sec- Ico tion being indicated by the dotted line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3,is another horizontal sectional view, but on the plane indicated by the dotted line 3-3, of Fig. 1, showing the damper-tunnel, the cold air fines and the exit fines for the escape of steam from the kiln chambers in the cold air fines. Fig. 4, is another horizontal sectional view, such section being on the plane indicated by the dotted line 44, of Fig. 1, and showing the furnaces, the kiln chambers, the fines, and the leaders from the furnaces to the dues. Fig. 5, is a view illustrating by plan the arches of the kiln-chainbers and the exit fines by which steam from the green wares is permitted to escape into the cold air fines. Fig. 6, is a vertical detail sectional view of one of the kiln chambers showing thearrangement therein of one of the series of fines and connecting fine, the other series of fines and connecting fines being indicated by Fig. 1.

Like letters and numerals indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings, referring to which- A, B, designate two chambers of aseries of chambers forming parts of my improved kiln for burning bricks, tiles, terracotta and other wares. As usual, these chambers are constructed of masonry and spaced at suitable intervals apart, and each chamber is supplied with heat and. products of combustion from two furnaces O, O, which however are located on opposite sides of the kiln chamber but do not supplythe heat directlyinto the kiln chambers, the heat and products of combustion passing directly into the innermost lining of each chamber formed by the fines presently described, and from it which fines the heat is radiated into the kiln chamber and thus supplied to the wares placed therein. The furnaces O, C, of the adjacent chambers A, B, are built in the space between the chambers, but the masonry of the furnaces has no direct connection or union with the masonry of the kiln chambers, the brickwork of which may be reinforced in any approved manner. By constructing the kiln chambers and furnaces separately and without direct connection or union, increased durability is secured, for the kiln chambers and the furnaces can be readily torn out for renewal or repairs which must inevitably take place in such furnaces and this can be accomplished without disturbing or aifecting the kiln chambers.

The whole series of kiln chambers are designed to discharge their waste heat and products of combustion to a longitudinal main flue D, situated outside of the line of kiln chambers, and this main fine discharges toa stack, at one end of such main longitudinal fine. The 0011116013100. between such main longitudinal flue and the kiln chambers is elfected by the transverse fines E, which are preferably provided with dampers E and the connectingv fines F, F, but the latter fines (the connecting fines) and the regulating dampers G, are so arranged that when the said dampers G are raised the heat from one kiln chamber can be carried to the next adjacent chamber (one or more) and passed through the fines therein along with the heat from its furnaces and over the crown and beneath the bottom of such succeeding chambers before such heat from the first named chamber isiinally discharged in the transverse fiue, thence. to the main fine and the stack, whereby the heat after passing around one chamber can be utilized in heating the succeeding chamber or chambers, thus effecting economy in the fuel required to properly burn the wares in the kiln chambers.

The transverse fines E, are situated in a vertical line between the kiln chambers, and below the connecting fiues, F, F, and communication is established between the trans verse and connecting flues E, F, F, by means of the ports or openings e,e, as shown in Fig. l, of the drawings.

The dampers G, are arranged a short distance to one side of the ports 6, between such transverse and connecting fiues, so that when the dampers are lowered or closed across the connecting fine F, or F, the heat and products of combustion therein will be turned or deflected into the transverse fines E, which transverse flues extend at right angles to and open directly into the main longitudinal fine as indicated by Fig. 2 of the drawings. These dampers are preferably of the vertical sliding pattern, and they operate in the damper tunnel G, provided for their reception,snch tunnels being situated immediately above the transverse fines E, and the connecting flues, and below the furnaces G, O, the damper tunnels having no connection with the furnaces. The dampers may be operated by any suitable mechanical appliances so that they can be adjusted to control the escape of the products of combustion into the transverse fines.

The adjacent furnaces O, 0, between two kiln chambers are separate and distinctfrom one another, as a division wall 0, is employed between said furnaces, which division wall terminates in the arched crowns c, that extend from the division wall, over the furnace'chambers, to the masonry of the kiln chambers. Any suitable kind of fuel may be burned in the furnaces, as coal, wood, hydrocarbon liquid or gaseous fuel, but in the drawings I have illustrated grates c in the furnace chambers for the consumption of coal,

suitable ash pits 0 being provided belowthe grates c.

The heat and products of combustion are discharged from the furnaces through the leaders I, I, which are formed in the walls of the kiln chambers and open into or communicate with the furnace chambers on a line above the grates in said furnaces. These leaders discharge the products of combustion to the fines J, K, which form the innermost lining of each kiln chamber and which are constructed of masonry in a manner similar to the rest of the kiln so that said fines are adapted to radiate the heat into the kiln' chamber and'burn the wares therein to a sufficient degree of hardness without permitting the heat and products of combustion to have direct contact with the wares in the kiln chambers. The flues in each kiln chamber are arranged in series, and the flues J, alternate or are placed between the tines K, the former being designated specifically by the numerals 2, 4, 6, 8, Figs. 3 and 4 while the latter are indicated by the nu merals 3, 5, 7; the muftles 1, and 9, being outside of the kiln chamber, proper, and formed in the end walls of said chamber around the doors of said chamber by which access is had to the kiln chamber to place the Wares therein or to remove the same therefrom.

The series of flues J, designated at 2, 4, 6, and 8, are each divided at the middle of the bottom of the kiln chamber by means of a vertical partition wall j, seen in Fig. 1, and these fines J, extend from the partition wall under half of the bottom of the kiln chamber, then up the right hand side of said chamber where they receive the heat and products of combustion from the furnace C, thence over the crown or arch of the kiln chamber,down the left hand side of said chamber so as to receive the heat and products of combustion on their downward course from the furnace G, on the left hand side of the kiln chamber and finally across the remaining, bottom half of the bottom of said chamber. The connecting fines F, are likewise divided by the partitions j, so as to permit the products of combustion therein to pass, when the dampers G, are open, up

into the right hand updraft flues J, and continue over the arch and down the left hand side of the next kiln chamber; the heat, &c., from one kiln chamber being thus intermingled with the heat from an adjacent chamber and the waste heat from one chamber being thereby utilized to heat the bottom, sides and arched top of another chamber. The other series of flues K, (3, 5 and 7,) are tip-draft flues from the left hand'side of the kiln chamber, and they receive the products of combnstion from the furnace O, which pass up the left hand side of the chamber, thence beneath the arched crown, down the right hand side of the kiln chamber so as to receive from the leaders I, the heat, &c., from the furnace C, and thence said fines discharge into the connecting flues F, in the manner shown, that is to say, the terminal ends of the flues K, 3, 5 and 7, discharge intothe connecting flues F, on the right hand side of the kiln chamber, and the flues K have no direct connection with the connecting flues on the left hand side of the chamber, so that the products of combustion from the left hand furnaces and the flues K, 3, 5, 7, are carried 'dircctly across the bottom of the kiln chamber. The part of the connecting flue beneath the chamber is on a higher level than the intermediate parts between the chambers, and connected thereto by the inclines, so that the connecting fluesF, can radiate their heat intothe bottom part of the kiln --chamber.

It will be seen that the course of the products of combustion in adjacent alternate flues of the kiln chamber, is reversed,thatis,

in the fines J, the heat passes from the right to the left hand side of the kiln chamber, while in the lines K, the heat passes from the left to the right hand side of said chamber; and by thus reversing the draft in said flues I am enabled to bring the most highly heated part of each flue close to the coolest part of the adjacent flue, which resultsin securinga more thorough distribution of the heat and the consequent uniform heating of the kiln chamber throughout its whole interior. It will be further observed that the heat in the fines J, K, and connecting flues, passes ontirely around the'kiln chamber, up and down the sides thereof, over the top and under the bottom; and, further, that the waste heat from one kiln chamber can be passed around one or more adjacent chambers, or said waste heat can be deflected, by closing the dampers, into the transverse flues E, and thence passed to the main longitudinal flue, and thence to the stack.

The fines 1, and 9, which extend around the sides of the kiln chamber, over and below the-doors thereof, are divided at the bottom of the kiln chamber and connected with the flues F, in a manner similar to the flues 2, at, 6, and 8, J, in the chamber, so that the heat in said flues 1, and 9, pursues the same relative course as the heat in thefiues 2, 4, 6, and 8, whereby the wares adjacent to the doors of the kiln can be burned or baked to better advantage than heretofore.

To facilitate the escape of steam that arises from the green wares when the kiln is first fired, I provide the air flues M, which are arranged in horizontal positions between the kiln chambers and are connected with said chambers by the passages L, through which air is admitted to the chambers to displace the steam or aqueous vapor which is forced out through the ports Z, in the crown of the chamber. The flues M, passages L, and ports Z, also serve to facilitate the cooling of the chambers.

When the kiln is in operation the ends of the flues M, which extend through the ends of the kiln chamber, are closed, as are also the ports Z.

In the practical embodiment of my invention, I prefer to employ two series of kiln chambers, each series comprising six chambers which discharge to a common longitudinal fine; and the two series of chambers communicate by a transverse main flue so that the heat from one series of chambers may be I caused to enter and traverse the other series of chambers. In Fig. 2, of the drawings, I have shown a kiln comprising two series of two kiln chambers each, together with the longitudinal flues D, and the end transverse flues E, E which communicate with the connecting fines F, F, at opposite ends of the series. The transverse flue E is provided at one end with a stack E and is also provided with a damper E which is opened when it is not desired to conduct the heat and particles of combustion from one series to the other and is closed when it is desired to utilize the heat of one series to heat the other series. When the heat and particles of combustion of one series are utilized to heat the other series, said heat and particles of combustion may be discharged through the stack with which the end transverse fine E, is provided, or when the damper with which said flue is provided is closed, the heat and particles of combustion may be connected by the fine E, to the fines F,F, of the first series and caused to again traverse said series.

In some cases when it is not desirable to utilize the heat of one chamber to assist in heating the next succeeding chamber, the dampers G, are lowered as shown in Fig. 1, and the dampers E in the fines E, are raised so that the heat and particles of combustion may pass from the fines F, F, into the fines E, thence into the common longitudinal fine D, andfinally outthrongh the stack D.

The number of chambers comprised in each series is not material and can be increased or diminished at pleasure, and the two series may or may not be connected, but to secure the best utilization of heat possible, it is recommended that connected series be employed.

I am aware that changes in the form and proportion of parts and details of construction of the embodiment of my invention herein shown and described, can be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificing the advantages of my invention, and I therefore reserve the right to make such alterations as fairly fall within the scope of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. A kiln comprising a series of chambers, a furnace 0, arranged on one side of each chamber, a furnace 0, arranged on the opposite side of each chamber, the fines F, F, passing beneath the bottoms of the chambers, partitionsj, arranged in the fines F, and extending to the bottoms of the chambers, the series of fines .T, extending from opposite sides of the partitions j, around the bottom, sides and top of the chambers and communicating with the furnaces O, O, and also communicating with the fines F, on opposite sides of the partitions], and the fines K, arranged alternately with respect to the fines J, and extending around the sides and top of the chambers and communicating with the furnaces O, O, and also communicating at one of their ends with the fines F, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A kiln comprising a series of chambers, a furnace 0, arranged on one side of each chamber, a furnace 0', arranged on the opposite side of each chamber, the fines F, F, passing beneath the bottoms of the chambers, partitions j, arranged in the fines F, and extending to the bottoms of the chambers, the series of fines J, extending from opposite sides of the partitions j, around the bottom, sides and top of the chambers and communicating with the fines F, on opposite sides of the partitions j, the fines K, arranged alternately with respect to the fines J, and extending around the sides and top of the chambers and communicating at one of their ends with the fines F, the transverse fines below and communicating with the fines F, F, the dampers adapted to close the fines F, F, so as to deflect the flame and particles of combustion into the transverse fines, and a main longitudinal fine communicating with the transverse fines, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Intestimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRED MAOARTI-IY. Witnesses:

PAUL R. LEWIS, GEO. F. HENDRICKSON. 

